According to Kollner's rule, what type of color defects do outer retinal diseases typically cause?

According to Kollner's rule, what type of color defects do outer retinal diseases typically cause?

• A. Red/Green
• B. Blue/Yellow
• C. Both Red/Green and Blue/Yellow
• D. No color defects

Answer: (B)

Kollner's rule suggests a relationship between the type of color vision defects and the location of retinal damage. In cases of outer retinal diseases, which primarily affect the photoreceptors (rods and cones), the resultant color defects are typically of the blue/yellow type. Outer retinal diseases, such as those affecting the cones, typically impair the functioning of the short-wavelength cones (responsible for blue color perception). The loss or dysfunction of these cones leads to difficulties in discriminating blue from yellow. This is consistent with what is observed clinically for patients with conditions like retinitis pigmentosa or other diseases that affect the outer retina. The red/green defects are usually associated with inner retinal or optic nerve pathology, which causes a different pattern of color deficiency. Therefore, the identification of blue/yellow defects as the primary defect resulting from outer retinal diseases is supported by Kollner's rule, making this answer accurate.

Kollner's rule suggests a relationship between the type of color vision defects and the location of retinal damage. In cases of outer retinal diseases, which primarily affect the photoreceptors (rods and cones), the resultant color defects are typically of the blue/yellow type.

Outer retinal diseases, such as those affecting the cones, typically impair the functioning of the short-wavelength cones (responsible for blue color perception). The loss or dysfunction of these cones leads to difficulties in discriminating blue from yellow. This is consistent with what is observed clinically for patients with conditions like retinitis pigmentosa or other diseases that affect the outer retina.

The red/green defects are usually associated with inner retinal or optic nerve pathology, which causes a different pattern of color deficiency. Therefore, the identification of blue/yellow defects as the primary defect resulting from outer retinal diseases is supported by Kollner's rule, making this answer accurate.